Trailer



F. NEAL TRAILER March 6, 1945.

Filed Nov. 18, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet l IN VENT R. 214.2 I

A fra /V595.

March 6, 1945. F. NEAL 2,370,988

TRAILER Filed Nov. 18, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 l/VVENTO/R Patented Mar. 6, 1945 TRAILER] H Frank Neal, Little Valley, N. Y. 1 Application November 18, 1941, Serial No. 419,591

" 11 Claims. (01. 280 -334) This invention relates to trailers, and to couplings between trailers and tractors. More particularly it relates to two-wheeled trailersfor motorcycles, and to the manner of coupling the same to a motorcycle- An object of the invention is to provide an improved trailer for motorcycles, whichwillhave approximately the same road clearance as a motorcycle to which it may be attached; which will have a relatively low center of gravity so as to be stable against lateral tipping when travelling over a highway at high 'speed;lwhich' will offer a minimum of additional wind resistance when hauled behind a motorcycle; which will employ standard wheels available in any community throughout the country for, replacement'in whole or in part; which willrhave a relatively large load capacity; which may be coupled.

to the frame of the motorcycle, by which it'is hauled, at a relatively low point of such. frame so that any lateral pull on the motorcycle due to horizontal changes in direction of travel, will exert a minimum force tending to tip the motorcycle sideways; which will interfere to aminimum extent with the normal operation ofthe motorcycle, and which will be relatively simple, light in weight, compact, durable "and inexpensive.

Another object of the invention is to provide animproved two-wheeled trailer which will have I a relatively low center of gravity "bothempty or loaded; with which more than halfiof the load may be carried by the wheels of the trailer; with which the body of the trailer will have a resilient suspension from the trailer frame; whichwill. not greatly increase the consumption of fuel by the motorcycle which hauls it; and which may utilize standard bicycle wheels as the rolling support therefor.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved coupling between a trailer and tractor, with which limited relative tipping of the tractor and trailer frames sidewise, or in a diof some embodiments thereof, and the novel features will be particularly .pointed. out'in connection with the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is'a side elevation of the rear end of a motorcycle, and coupled thereto a two-wheel.

trailer constructed in accordance with this invention; e

Fig. 2 is a plan ofithe same; Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional elevation through the trailer, the section being taken approximately along the lineg3- 3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional elevationithrough one of the resilientsupports for the body of the trailer; Fig. 5 is'a sectional elevationthrough one of the spring suspensions'for .the forward end of the trailer body; w

- Fig. 6 is a partial, transverse, sectional elevation through a trailer, also constructed in 'accord ance with the invention but illustrating a modified form of. spring, suspension between the body and the frame, the section being taken approximately along the line 6-6 of Fig. 7;

Fig. 7 is a side elevation of party of the modi fied .trailer illustrated in Fig. 6, to. show further details of the modified suspension forthe body;

Fig; 8 is a sectional'elevationof the hitch or coupling, with the section taken approximately along the line 8-8 of Fig. 2, toillustrate oneform of the construction forlimiting. tipping of the trailer relatively to the motorcycle; and

Fig. '9 is'a plan of the coupling shown in Fig.

8. but on a larger scale than in Fig. 2.:

In the embodiment of the invention shown in- Figs. 1 to'5, 8 and-9,' the. trailer is shownias at? tached to a motorcycle having a frame I, a seat 2, a rear wheel 3, and exhaust pipel; The frame I is provided with a member 5 which extendsfrom the rear wheel forwardly, and between the wheels depends to a relatively low point just sufficient to give the'desired road clearance. The exhaust muiller 4 extends along one side of this frame, as shown in Fig. 2. This is a common rection laterally of the direction of pull between the frames, may be limited to a safe degree, throughout a considerable range of horizontal and vertical movements of the'frames at the coupling between them. a

Another object of the invention is to provide improved means for couplinga trailer to a motorcycle, with which the drag or pull on the motorcycle will exert a minimum tendency to tip the motorcycle sidewise.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description type of motorcycle construction, and isnotin itself a part of the invention. 'Howeventothe frame. member 5 is secured agenerally U-shaped frame member 6 which straddles, and extends forwardly past, the rear wheel 3, and-'at'its forward end, the free ends of the arms of the Uv are secured to the frame '5 in any suitable man-l ne'r such as by screws or bolts 1. side of the' U of frame 6 which extends along the exhaust pipe 4, is bent as at 8 to clear'the exhaustpi'peas shown clearlyin Figs. 1 and 2. Thisframe 6, intermediate the ends'of the arms Th'at arm or 1 of the U, is also supported by another frame member: 9 which extends from the framememher 6, to which it is attached by clips I0, up over, 1 and is secured to, an upper member of the frame 3 j of the'motorcycle. This provides a relatively rigid support for the frame member 6 and sidewise pull on this frame member 6, when transmitted to the motorcycle frame, will exert a minimum tendency to tip the motorcycle side- 1 Wise. J The trailer. is of the two-wheeled type and it includes a cross bar or frame member II, Fig. 3,

which has a generally horizontal central section; I and both end portions extend upwardly from the ends of this central section to constitute upstand arms. I3 provide what may be referred to as inverted U -shaped frame members with each-arm: I2 depending below the=inverted- -u to a considerable I The cross orbase parts- I3 of the-in-J verted Us are connected-toi'oneanother by a tie b extent.

rod I5; The central section of the rod I'I,.:the

ing arms I2, then generally in a direction-hori-f bontally away from one another as at I3, and then downwardly as at I4 to proVide depending 1 The arms I2 and I4 with the cross part; I

24 and 25. on the head can be varied. There is a small clearance between each vertical side face of the body I6 and the adjacent arm I2, so that the body I6 may rock or tip sidewiseto a limited extent as the rods 30 may unequally moveup and down in the arms I2. The weight of the loadand of body I6 will causethe body to descend toward the central section 22 and carry the heads 3| of rods 30 downwardly," thereby compressing the springsr24. The springs-25 limit therebound or upward movements or the b dy and" thus act as rebound snubbers. I A draw bar 32 is secured at one end to the central section 22 of the cross frame member I I,

and extends forwardly therefrom to a point beyond the forward end of the body I6. There it upstanding arms -I2-;-and the"tie:bar I5 together form a rigid,-gene'rally rectangularframe with- I an opening therethrough to receive the .'trailer i body I6. A wheel I'I; islre'ceived -inthe-space be-l frame; and the -bearingshaft or spindle I8 of each wheel is supported at its ends by i the adjacent a arms I 2 and I 4-? in" any suitable manner, such as by'clip's- I9, Figs: 1c andzz; securedl to 'the arms I 2 and a I4 and eidaendingz rearwardlyi therefrom.

Each of theseclipsr I9 atits'free-endis provided with a'slot 20, Fig. 1, into which the QIl'dSOfthBf bearing: shafti I 8:: mayt'b'e slidingly received-land clampedby suitable: nuts:vv 2I,.:as:- usua1 :in the:- moun'ting of bicycle (wheels in bicycle. frames. This makesi it' possiblezfor one. to remove thez wheels-"I1 for theich'angingof tires or for repairs:

or other purposes.

The: cross: bar: H .may beformed of .Lpipe and 3 3; .thecentral section1 i22iisifonned of a separate either bent .fromio'nepiece' into the 'd'esired 'shapefi. asfshown .inzh'i'g:.6; or preferably; as: shown in Fig.:

piece: and; att-iits .endsaweld'ed tmthe lowerzor. -1 free.-

appearshortly; The. arms-I 2: are: hollow, but: inr-l.

termediatesofiitsr ends; each arm? I 2-;=isiprovided.

rises asat 33; and then extends forwardly as at Figs. 1 and 2. The end 34 of the draw bar 32 at itsfree end is formed into an approximately half socket, and clamped to the end 34,such as by a bolt 35,1is-xasecond partial J socket" member 36, Figs. 1,2 and8a2; I

The: abutting: face's' oz fi the socket mamas-jai and: 36 are. concave and receive between, them' a ball-like head 31 providedronthe end a-:verti-v cally. disposed stud: 38:2.whieh rprojects upwardly from the rear :end of the frame 6".OI1 the otora v cycle;immediatelyin the: rear of. the-'rear'; wheel 3- of the motorcycle. Thezsocket members-- 34t and 36; bytheir engagement .withopposite sides of the head"-3'l form a universal hitchs or coupling be. tween vthe draw bar 32 andrthe' frame member- Ii on the motorcycle; :i I

ends carry upstandingvrods 42'; Figs; 1 and 5.

Each :rod 42 extends upwardly into acylinderg.

43 Fig. 5 carried by the forward end of the body lfigand at its upperend, within; the cylinder y43 carries a" head} 44. A 1 compression spring 45" is: disposed betweena tubularplug '46, ad'justably" secured in the lower end of the cylinder 4537and the head 4'4 so as to resist movement of theahe'ad 44 downwardly in cylinder 143; A spring 41 isalso provided.within the.cylinder43rbetween the head with a.lslot 23which 'extendsrin a. direction endwise thereof....;Disposed fiend-to end within .eachiar' l I2 so: aszta extend; opposite 1 directions 'fromitheisl'otii 3, are:two:springsc24 and 25.-.' Thell spring 24 is stronger. than :the. spring 25; and at;v its. :lower; end; engages .xagainst; a; loose;- shim- 26;v andthelatter in turrrrests against one end of a screw" plug, 21 which: .is threaded;- into the opent lowerrendofthe arm I2; Each springfilitatuits" i upper endabutsagainsaone-or moreshims 28;.

the .uppermostr'one of which-in turn abuts against atpin 29:; extending. across the: cavity. of ,the pipe:

; Thebo'dy I6 is provided oneach :side with a proj ecting' rod. 30 whichaextendsithrough the slot 23 inthe..adjacent armLJZ-iand within thearm' I2 terminates in az-flat head3l which isireceived be-L tween-.the.adjacentends of the springs 24 and; 25';

in that arm I2; These springs24:andl25,-.by their reaction on the headv 3.I,-.tend=.to shifttherod =30 along. the-slot 23into' 32138131513211 positions-in the centralizone of the slotjwhen-thebody-I 6 is in. its normal position. By adjusting the'screwz-plugd-l andzby varying. .the'thicknessrior-number of the shims 12Stland 28; -.the:forces'.=exerted: by 'thersprings 44*and theLupper'end-of the-cylinder so as to re'sist upward movement of". the" head '44: Suitable shims 48 rnayi be-interposed: between the upperend; ofea'ch spring Mandtheu-bp-er end of; therelatedicylinder 43; soasto adjustablygvary the compression of thegspring 41 and thusva-ry the resistance to descent of theforWard-endpfJ-the body I6. The tubular plug IIi may beadjustedina direction endwise of; the cylinder :43; suchras by threading itiinto and out of-;thelowery.end=. of cylinder; 43 to different extents-so asto vary the compression of the spring-45' which snubs the-rebound of the body I6; There are two ofthese resilient supportsat the forwardend of t-he-gbody I6-,. onefinear each-forwardcorner thereof-.-; The

cylinders 43 maybe; secured to the body :I 6-: in any suitable manner, such as-by clamps 49-: v

' Brace bars 50 "(Fig-{2) ,may also Ice-attached to the draw bar 32iso' aszto extend at acute; an--' gles thereto in a rearwarddirection, andthefree ends of these bars Mare-connected,such asby welding, to the cental section 2 2flof=-theacross frame bar II. Thezcross; fr'ame:-bar;l--l tie, bar

.I5,"'-the:=drawbar 132.; the brace barsand-.5

2,3 7 b;9 8 8 and the cross bar 39 together form a trailer frame which is rollingly supportedby the wheels I1, and which in turn resiliently supports the body I6. Suitable mudguards Figs. 1 and 2, extend over the wheels I! and each is secured to the under side of the adjacent cross part I3 of each U, between the arms of which the wheel I! is received. The rear ends of theguards 5| may also be connected by rods 52 to the clips I 9 which support the bearing shaft of that wheel, in the same manner that the rear ends'of-mudguards are supported from the wheel supporting frame in bicycles.

It will be noted that the body I6 extends clearly in Figs. 1 and 2. The side walls of'the body I6 maybe made convergent at the rear end, so as to reduce wind-drag on the same. The body I6 preferably has a width not greatly wider than the motorcycle frames and a height not greater than the motorcycle and rider, so that the body l6 willbe protected to a considerable extent from wind resistance by the motorcycle and the rider thereon.

The section 22 of the cross frame member II is disposed at a level below the axes of rotation of the wheels I'I preferably -more than halfway to the ground from the wheel bearings I 8 so that the body I6 of the trailer may be'mount'ed low on the trailer frame, thereby providing a relatively low center of gravity for the entire trailer. This greatly increases its stability in travelling at high speeds over a highway, thereby reducing the danger of the trailer tipping over when one wheel thereof strike obstructions or undulations on the highway.

Since the rods 30 which support the body'l6 are disposed well above the bottom of the body, any tendency of the body totip as the rods unequally move up'and down on the springs 24, will be limited by engagement of the body with the arms I2 of the frame, and the actual horizontal, linear sidewise movement of the upper and lower edges of the vertical side walls of the g body will be a minimum. In other words, if-the rods 30 which support the body were entirely at,

the bottom of the body, the horizontal, sidewis'e, linear movement of the upper edges of the sides of the body l6 would be much greater and more space would be necessary between the sides of the body I6 and the arms I2 of the frame. By

placing the rods 30 as closely as possible toward the mid-height of the body I8, the body l6 may be made wider and still obtain adequate provision for tipping of the body I6, which is desirable to give free spring suspension for th body.

It will be noted that the hitch or coupling between the draw bar 32 and'the motorcycle frame member 6 permits relative up'and down movements between the trailer frame and'the' motorcycle frame, such as are caused by the trailer and motorcycle moving in succession over undulations in the roadway. The coupling also permits relative horizontal swinging over a wide are as the motorcycle turns orchanges its direction of movement over a highway. The coupling also provides for relative tipping movements of the motorcycle and trailer, but it is desirable to limit the extent of such tipping movement to a safe extent, thereby preventing the'trailer from tip. ping? over if one of the wheels onlyshould strike trailer is moving at high speed.

vided with limit or auxiliary studs 53,"Figs.l 1, 2

. and 8, on frame member 6 which extend upwardly at diametrically opposite sides of the coupling stud 38, but the studs 54 are preferably shorter than the coupling stud 38. The socket members 34 and 36 are provided with horizontal flanges 54 and 'which extend over the studs 53, that is across the axes of those studs,'b ut in positions spaced from the ends of the'studs a substantial distance, as shown'clearly in Fig. 8. It A will be observed from Fig. 8, that the socket" members 34 and 36 mayrock from. side to side considerably before either of the plates '54 and 55 strikes a limit stud 53, so that as the motorcycle and trailer, travel along the highway each may rock or sway from side to side to a considerable extent independently of the other, but if such tipping of either one exceeds a certain safe extent of tipping, one of the flanges 54 and 55 will "engage with a stud 53 and limit such rela tive movement, one of such limiting positions being shown by the dash lines in Fig. 8. The

flanges 54 and 55 extend forwardly and" rear-l wardly of the trailer to a substantial extent so that they will be effective to engage the limit studs 53, if necessary, during a considerable range of horlzontal movement or swinging between the trailer and the motor cycle, such as would be caused when the motor cycle is changing its di-' rection of travel or making a turn. I Referring now to the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 6 and 7, a'modified sus pension is provided between the body l6 and the trailer frame. In this embodiment of the invention, a leaf spring suspension is substituted for the coil spring supports of Figs. 1 to 5. Shackle" members 56 are confined by collars 56a upon the I central section 22 of the cross frame member II so as to swing thereon, and the free ends of these shackles are in turn hinged by pins 51 to ends of leaf springs 58. The other ends of the springs 58 are fixed to the body I6, as' by fastening clips or lugs 60 secured 6n the bottomof the body. Similarly at the forward ends of the body I6, leaf springs 6| are attached, as by lugs 63 on the bottom of the body I6, the springs extending for wardly therefrom and being connected by pins 64 to shackle members 65, which in turn are hinged at 66 to bearings 67 on the ends of the cross bar 39. Thes'e'springs 58 and 6| can be made and fastened to the body separately, or they can be formed by a single continuous spring strip. as shown. These springs are provided at each side of the body and they function in a manner similar to the action of the leaf springs at the opposite sides of an automobile in providing a spring support between the automobile body and the chassis. Other suspension means between the body and the trailer frame may be employed,

Attention is called to the fact that the trailer frame has approximately the same road .clearance as the motorcycle frame (see Fig. 1) and that the trailer is coupled to the motorcycle frame at the lowest possible level so that any lateral pull on the motorcycle frame in drawing the trailer will not objectionably tend to tip the motorcycle. Since the trailer body I6 extends through the opening provided by the rear frame II, the tie bar I5 will also act as an emergency limit stop for upward movement of the body in case the snubber springs fail to snub the upward movement of the body. By using the depressed a rather pronounced bump in'the road, while the central portion 22? of the :frame itf-iapessible. lower the center of gravity of thevehicle-body'andendsby acrossmemberto iormtherewith across frameelement eachof the insidenarmsof increasesth'estabflity; against overturning ,.of=- the trailer, and the flanges-54. and -55; their operation with: the studs 53 act as an; .addrtionalasa-feguardior preventing tipping oyen'of the-trailewwhile being drawm I --Itwill he understood that 1 various the details and arrangements. or parts which have been, herein described andfillustrated in order to explain-thenatureof theinvention, may.

be made bythose skilled. in the ar-t within-theprinciple andscopetofthe invention as expressed .in the appended-claimsn V -I c1aim-;-

--1. Atwo wheeled trailer comprising a crossbar,

havingitscentral portion. generally horizontal,

"andeits end portions'extending first-upwardly from-thecentral portion thenin directions away I from one another, and then downwardly to .forin I inverted, -U -shaped ends; a tiebar connecting-attic base end portions of the .us, --aframe member connected-to said: crossbar and extending for-- wardly and generally horizontally from-said cross Lb'ar said frame member,; tie bar and cross-bar atoget-her constitutingta unit vehicle frame, ahody disposed between-said central portionof saidlcross @bar andsaid -tie bar andi-extending along-and 1. above said: frame member, arms extendinggfrom" the sides otsaid body adjacent thew ends of'said; \cross barp-ancl means carried by said-cross; bar

.and engaged by said-arms -for-{resiliently snp porting said body from said crossbar and-also uresiliently snubbing upthrowof said'body meansforresiliently and separately supporting the for wardend ofsaid body from said frame memlber, awheel disposed between the arms of each -U ofsaid cross bar, a bearing. for rotatablysup portingeach wheel and connectinggg-andsup-' portedby,-the side arms'of'the U of-thecross bar which receives-that wheel, and: a. trailer: hitch 1 at the end of said vehicle frame remote from saidcross bar. v

2. In a tractor and trailer combinatiomahat improvement which comprises-a trailer havinga frame with a forwardly and' generally horizon. i tal-coupling part, atractor frame havingamen 1 tically disposed coupling part one of :said,: parts 1 having a spherical head and the-other:- ofsaid 1 parts having; a split socket embracing and clamped to: said head to provide a universal: couvpling connectionbetween-themyone of said parts also having vertically disposed studs on approxi mately diametrically opposed sides of sai'd -head;

the other-"of saidparts also havingtplates disposed to extend across the longitudinal-"axes of. said My sides of saidlrodwhich enterscthat arm, whereby U-shaped pipes at a point intermediate oLits encls lia vingr a slot extending. in a direction lengthwise thereof; abody disposed between said inside arms andvhaving rods.extendingtherefrom.

lands-on:oppositelsides-thereof, throughsaid slots into/said pipes. compression springs disposed. in.

eaclrof lsaidliinside arms and engaging. opposite said hodywill he held. against vertical movementin'both' directionsloysaidsets of opposing. springs, each of said inside arms having 'thereinabute ments against whichsaid springs .react'.

- Ash-trailer comprising-a pair of inverted LlJ- shaped pipes disposed'with the arms, parallel and in approximately the same .plane and" spaced' .apart,i with the inside. arms .of-the us. which are. nearest oneanother, l

onger than the outside arms andldependingrbelow said otherrarmssaid'. depending arms-being connected at their lower ends by, acrossmemberto .form-therewitha cross frame element each of thelinsidearms ofsaid u-shapedapipes at a point intermediate of .it's

' ends, havinga .slot extending. in a direction lengthwise thereof, a. body disposed hetween saidinside and on opposite sides thereofithrough.saidslots intdsaid-p-ipes, compression springs disposed in each-of ilsaid inside. arms. and engaging said oppm site sides .of said rod which enters that arm,v

arms and havingrods extending therefrom whereby-saidf-body will be held against vertical movement incboth directions by said. sets or 0D posing;springe each of- .saidinside arms havingv therein abutmentsagainst which saidsprings. re-

act each or said springs which resists downward movement rofnsaid body, being stronger thanwthe upper. spring which resists upward movement-of sai'dibody; v "5( A trailer constructionacomprising arectangular frame with. an arm extending. outwardly and then downwardly .from.the upper corner of aohside ofsai'd frame a WheeLdi'sposed betweeneach-sideof the rectangular frame and .theadja cent downwardly extending. arm; abearing. shaf t f or seaoh wheelssupported by the depending. arm andlthe adjacent side-of the-frame .and .disposed intermediate .thelheight ofthe1frame with the bottom ofthe' .rect'angl'ilarwframe disposed morestuds and-spaced from the ends of; Said-studs when said trailer'is in normalupright position relatively to said tractor frame;butengageable I with saidstuds to limit the-relativetippinggof saidtrailer and tractor. frames to a -saf e':extent while offering no resistance to the universai relative movements: of -saidhead and socket" caused bynormal undulations-inthe roadway overwhich the trailer and tractor trameaitraveh. and' -by. changes in direction of travel= of thetravel 'rand tractor'frames. I

-3; A trailer. comprisinga-pairof. inverted u shaped pipes disposed with the arms -para-1lel--;and

in approximately the -same-p1ane and-spaced apart, withthe insidearms of 'the Uswwhich:

are -nearest one another, longer than: the outside arms-and depending below; said otherarms Isaid depending arms being: connected :at their lower than approximatelyL half-way from. the axis of the bearingofi thewhe'eL towards the lowest. partof the wheel and y a trailer bodyae'xtending. into the enclosure formed oil the sidestep aindbottom of saidTfr-ame, and. means -carr'ied byv each vertical side of the frame formesilintly supporting the adjacent side of .lsaidbody .andincluding "oppos said body hrace members: connectingtsaid cross imemberl-tofsaid bar and-makingvwith: said =bar an acute angle br-ace membersaalsa. connectingsaid bar to sai'd' bottom memberof said frame =.and also imakingean acute; anglewithisaid bant means=conmeeting the; forward end ;portion of -saidbodytto saict crossframemember, the forward end ofasaid j bar being provided with a universal hitch for site sides of and supporting said trailer frame, a

body extending forwardly from said trailer wheels and depending well below the axes of rotation of said trailer wheels, means supporting said body from :said trailer frame, said trailer frame having a forwardly extending draw bar, and a universal coupling hitch between the forward end of said.

draw bar and said hitch frame;whereby the drag of said trailer will be applied to said motorcycle frame at said lowest level thereof and will exert a minimum force, tending to tip the motorcycle sideways.

8. A coupling device between a tractor and trailer which comprises a frame member on the tractor, ,a frame member on the trailer, one of said-members having a vertically disposed stud terminating in a ball head, ,the other of said members having a split socket ,clamped to said head-and confined thereto tofprbv de a universal coupling between them, the :sections of said split socketwhaving, flanges extendingrtherefrom latera l-ly a; the normal direction of -,-pu11 between the tractor and trailer, said one member having limit ud'son opposite sides of said ball head and exattending therefrom toward said flanges, but with "iftheir ends spaced from said flanges, when said ";'-trailer and tractor are in normal upright positions, a distance such that the limit studs will I by engagement with said flanges limit the relative tipping of said trailer and tractor to a safe extent iniall horizontally rotative positions at said ball and socket between said frame members.

9. A universal hitch between a motorcycle frame and a trailer frame, which comprises said frames, one of said frames having three vertically disposed studs arranged generally in a row, the central stud terminating at its free end in a ball-like head, a socket fitted to said head and.

carried by the other of said frames, saidsocket having flanges extending across the axes of the other studs but spaced from the ends of said other studs when the frames are in normal hauling relation, whereby, upon relative lateral tipping of said frames, the engagement of said flanges with said studs will limit the extent of such tipping to a safe extent.

10. A universal hitch between tractor and trailer frames, which comprises a studmember on one of said frames and terminating in a. ball like head, a socket member on the other of said frames and fitted to said head, plate-like means carried by one of said members, and limitmeans carried by the other of said members and engageable with said plate-like means to limit relative tipping of said frames laterally of the direction of pull at the coupling between said members to a safe angle, over a considerable range of horizontal and vertical relative movements between said members at said coupling.

11. A trailer construction comprising an upright loop-like frame, means attached to the upstanding sides of said frame intermediate of their height and providing a rolling support for said frame, a body extending through the loop of said frame and supported by said frame, means attached to the bottom part of said frameand extending approximately horizontally and forwardly therefrom, a cross member carried by said last named means adjacent the forward end of said body, means supporting the forward end portion of said body from said cross member, and coupling means carried by the forward end of said attached means, formed, at approximately the level of said bottom part, for connection to a tractor, and constituting a universal coupling to said tractor.

FRANKNEAL. 

